This document discusses the use of cement kiln dust (CKD) to stabilize weak kaolinite clay subgrades for pavement construction. Standard Proctor tests were conducted on kaolinite clay mixed with 5-25% CKD by weight to determine optimum moisture content and maximum dry density. Unconfined compressive strength and CBR tests showed that strength increases up to 20% CKD addition due to flocculation and pozzolanic reactions, but decreases above 20% likely due to free lime. Overall, CKD effectively increases the strength of kaolinite clay soils making them suitable for pavement subgrades.
The document discusses using ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) stabilized soil, with and without lime, as a cushioning material above an expansive clay subgrade to improve its properties. Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of GGBS stabilized soil cushions in reducing clay heave and improving the soaked California bearing ratio and unconfined compressive strength of the soil. The results showed that GGBS stabilized soil cushions, with or without lime, can effectively reduce clay heave while also enhancing the strength and load bearing capacity of the subgrade.
Stabilisation of Pavement Subgrade Soil using Lime and Cement: ReviewIRJET Journal
This document reviews the use of lime and cement for stabilizing pavement subgrade soils. It discusses the mechanics and reactions involved when using lime and cement, including hydration, cation exchange, carbonation, and pozzolanic reactions. Lime is primarily used to stabilize clay soils with high plasticity, as it reduces plasticity index and shrink-swell characteristics. Cement is most effective on sandy and silty soils with low to medium plasticity. Both lime and cement improve the engineering properties of soils, reducing plasticity, increasing compaction, and improving strength.
IRJET-Stabilization of Expansive Soils by using Corncob AshIRJET Journal
The document presents research on stabilizing expansive soils using corncob ash as an additive. A variety of tests were conducted to analyze how different percentages of corncob ash addition affected properties of the expansive soil like optimum moisture content, unconfined compressive strength, California bearing ratio, free swell index, and plasticity. The results showed that corncob ash addition generally reduced the plasticity and swell potential of the soil while increasing its strength, making it more suitable for pavement applications.
A Critical Review on Soil Stabilization using Different Industrial Wastes and...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the use of different industrial wastes and admixtures for soil stabilization. It discusses how the engineering properties of soils like strength, compressibility, and swelling potential can be improved through soil modification and stabilization techniques using various industrial byproducts and chemicals. Specifically, it examines how fly ash, marble dust, lime, cement, expanded polystyrene geofoam, crushed glass, and waste paper sludge have been used individually or combined in previous studies to stabilize expansive soils like black cotton soil, reducing their plasticity and improving their strength and load-bearing capabilities. The review concludes that many industrial wastes have potential for modifying problematic soil properties and making soils more suitable for engineering applications when used as soil stabilizers
This document discusses a study on stabilizing expansive soil using coal ash. Some key points:
1. Expansive soils cause damage to structures due to swelling and shrinkage from moisture changes. Stabilization is commonly used to control this.
2. The study examines using coal ash, an industrial waste, to stabilize clay soil. Samples were cured at liquid limit for up to 28 days.
3. Results found plasticity decreased over time, permeability increased, and shear strength improved with curing period. Using coal ash made the soil more suitable for construction.
4. The study concludes coal ash is effective in reducing plasticity and swelling, and increasing permeability and strength of expansive soil.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Research Paper on Stabilization of Soil by using Bituminous MaterialIRJET Journal
This paper investigates the use of bituminous material to stabilize soil. The key goals of soil stabilization are to increase the soil's California Bearing Ratio and create a stronger sub-base and base courses using on-site materials. Bitumen is used as the stabilizing agent, acting as a binder that fills the pores of the soil and increases its mechanical stability without chemically reacting with the soil. The paper reviews previous literature on soil stabilization and presents the results of an experimental study showing that mixing bitumen with soil can increase its California Bearing Ratio by up to 50%. In conclusion, bitumen stabilization may be suitable for gravel soils and the amount used depends on required strength and budget.
A review on stabilization of soil using bio enzymeeSAT Journals
Abstract In developing countries like India the most important requirement of any project after performance criteria is its economical feasibility and serviceability criteria. The conventional methods are time consuming and are not economically feasible. Hence there is a need to discover the other possible ways to satisfy the performance as well as economical criteria. In this paper, popularly available bio-enzymes and their effect on engineering properties of soil are discussed. The stabilization of soil with bio-enzyme is a revolutionary technique which becoming popular worldwide. Recently there are many bio-enzymes available for soil stabilization such as renolith, Perma-Zyme, Terra-Zyme, Fujibeton etc. These enzymes have been proven to be very effective and economical. Another advantage of the bio-enzyme is that these are environment friendly. When these bio-enzymes are mixed with soil they alter its engineering properties. Their efficiency depends upon the amount of dose, type of soil available and field conditions. The use of bioenzyme in soil stabilization is not very popular due to lack of awareness between engineers and non availability of standardized data. However, recently some bio-enzyme stabilized roads were constructed in various parts of India, which are performing very well. Keywords: Bio Enzyme, Nontraditional Soil Stabilizer.
The document discusses using ground granulated blast furnace slag (GGBS) stabilized soil, with and without lime, as a cushioning material above an expansive clay subgrade to improve its properties. Laboratory tests were conducted to evaluate the efficacy of GGBS stabilized soil cushions in reducing clay heave and improving the soaked California bearing ratio and unconfined compressive strength of the soil. The results showed that GGBS stabilized soil cushions, with or without lime, can effectively reduce clay heave while also enhancing the strength and load bearing capacity of the subgrade.
Stabilisation of Pavement Subgrade Soil using Lime and Cement: ReviewIRJET Journal
This document reviews the use of lime and cement for stabilizing pavement subgrade soils. It discusses the mechanics and reactions involved when using lime and cement, including hydration, cation exchange, carbonation, and pozzolanic reactions. Lime is primarily used to stabilize clay soils with high plasticity, as it reduces plasticity index and shrink-swell characteristics. Cement is most effective on sandy and silty soils with low to medium plasticity. Both lime and cement improve the engineering properties of soils, reducing plasticity, increasing compaction, and improving strength.
IRJET-Stabilization of Expansive Soils by using Corncob AshIRJET Journal
The document presents research on stabilizing expansive soils using corncob ash as an additive. A variety of tests were conducted to analyze how different percentages of corncob ash addition affected properties of the expansive soil like optimum moisture content, unconfined compressive strength, California bearing ratio, free swell index, and plasticity. The results showed that corncob ash addition generally reduced the plasticity and swell potential of the soil while increasing its strength, making it more suitable for pavement applications.
A Critical Review on Soil Stabilization using Different Industrial Wastes and...IRJET Journal
This document reviews the use of different industrial wastes and admixtures for soil stabilization. It discusses how the engineering properties of soils like strength, compressibility, and swelling potential can be improved through soil modification and stabilization techniques using various industrial byproducts and chemicals. Specifically, it examines how fly ash, marble dust, lime, cement, expanded polystyrene geofoam, crushed glass, and waste paper sludge have been used individually or combined in previous studies to stabilize expansive soils like black cotton soil, reducing their plasticity and improving their strength and load-bearing capabilities. The review concludes that many industrial wastes have potential for modifying problematic soil properties and making soils more suitable for engineering applications when used as soil stabilizers
This document discusses a study on stabilizing expansive soil using coal ash. Some key points:
1. Expansive soils cause damage to structures due to swelling and shrinkage from moisture changes. Stabilization is commonly used to control this.
2. The study examines using coal ash, an industrial waste, to stabilize clay soil. Samples were cured at liquid limit for up to 28 days.
3. Results found plasticity decreased over time, permeability increased, and shear strength improved with curing period. Using coal ash made the soil more suitable for construction.
4. The study concludes coal ash is effective in reducing plasticity and swelling, and increasing permeability and strength of expansive soil.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
A Research Paper on Stabilization of Soil by using Bituminous MaterialIRJET Journal
This paper investigates the use of bituminous material to stabilize soil. The key goals of soil stabilization are to increase the soil's California Bearing Ratio and create a stronger sub-base and base courses using on-site materials. Bitumen is used as the stabilizing agent, acting as a binder that fills the pores of the soil and increases its mechanical stability without chemically reacting with the soil. The paper reviews previous literature on soil stabilization and presents the results of an experimental study showing that mixing bitumen with soil can increase its California Bearing Ratio by up to 50%. In conclusion, bitumen stabilization may be suitable for gravel soils and the amount used depends on required strength and budget.
A review on stabilization of soil using bio enzymeeSAT Journals
Abstract In developing countries like India the most important requirement of any project after performance criteria is its economical feasibility and serviceability criteria. The conventional methods are time consuming and are not economically feasible. Hence there is a need to discover the other possible ways to satisfy the performance as well as economical criteria. In this paper, popularly available bio-enzymes and their effect on engineering properties of soil are discussed. The stabilization of soil with bio-enzyme is a revolutionary technique which becoming popular worldwide. Recently there are many bio-enzymes available for soil stabilization such as renolith, Perma-Zyme, Terra-Zyme, Fujibeton etc. These enzymes have been proven to be very effective and economical. Another advantage of the bio-enzyme is that these are environment friendly. When these bio-enzymes are mixed with soil they alter its engineering properties. Their efficiency depends upon the amount of dose, type of soil available and field conditions. The use of bioenzyme in soil stabilization is not very popular due to lack of awareness between engineers and non availability of standardized data. However, recently some bio-enzyme stabilized roads were constructed in various parts of India, which are performing very well. Keywords: Bio Enzyme, Nontraditional Soil Stabilizer.
This study assessed the effect of combining wood ash and lime on the engineering properties of expansive soil from Awgu, Nigeria. Natural soil samples had high plasticity and shrink-swell potential. Addition of wood ash alone improved soil properties up to an optimum of 78% soil and 18% wood ash. Further addition of lime up to an optimum of 78% soil, 18% wood ash and 4% lime further reduced plasticity, shrinkage, and swell potential while improving compaction and strength. Curing treated soil samples for 28 days led to further strength gains. The study concluded that combining wood ash and lime can successfully stabilize expansive soils to improve their use in construction while providing an environmentally-friendly use for wood ash
Cost Effectiveness of Replacing Sand with Crushed Granite Fine (CGF) In the M...IOSR Journals
The economic gain of replacing sand with Crushed Granite Fines in the production of concrete was investigated. Compressive strength and slump tests were performed on fresh and hardened concrete using two nominal mixes of 1:1:2 and 1:1½: 3 with the sand component being partially replaced with Crushed Granite Fines. Compressive strength values above 30 N/mm² and 35 N/mm² were obtained for nominal mixes of 1:1:2 and 1:1½: 3 respectively when sand was partially replaced with 25 – 37.5% Crushed Granite Fines. Based on the economic analysis of the test results, replacement of sand with 25 – 37.5% Crushed Granite Fines is recommended for use in concrete production.
Roads are the lifeline of the nation and hence a road must be of better quality which could make effective land access possible. According to a research conducted in Sri Lanka, if you want to rescue a village from poverty, 10-20 years of educational subsidy might not work, but if the same amount of money is funneled on road infrastructure development, you can see results within 2 years. An effective road network ensures efficient delivery of goods and transportation of people, directly contributing to the economic growth of the region. Due to economic reasons in developing nations like India, it is not possible to make paved roads especially in rural areas. These areas are mostly connected by the use of unpaved roads called as earth road or soil roads. But there are many problems associated in building these roads particularly like deterioration of the surface usually by rutting and formation of potholes, dusty in dry state and muddy during wet state. The basis of this report is to make aware about the non-traditional soil stabilization technique using Probase SH-85 Soil Hardener for hardening soil of any type and TX-85 Soil Stabilizer & Strengthener for stabilizing unstable soil and at last sealing it by spraying with Probase PB-65 Soil Sealant on soil surface. The Probase Road System ensures making soil road no longer dusty and muddy. These products are free from toxins and are environmental friendly unlike bitumen, soil-cement, lime and asphalt roads. Probase soil stabilizer will hence not only help in stabilizing the soil but will also reduce maintenance and construction cost, along with ensuring that the roads remain open and well operational in rainy season and dust-free in dry season that is to make it an all-weather road.
This document discusses a project report on using waste fiber as a soil stabilizer. It begins with an abstract that summarizes the objectives of investigating the use of waste fibers in soil applications and evaluating the effects of waste polypropylene fibers on shear strength through direct shear and unconfined compression tests. It then provides background on soil stabilization and different methods. The literature review covers topics like soil properties, particle size distribution, specific gravity, California bearing ratio, and shear strength. Finally, the scope of experimental work is outlined which includes determining index properties like liquid limit and conducting tests like direct shear and unconfined compression.
Investigating the modifications in properties of clayey soil utilizing ppc fo...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Road improvement is one of the significant parts of developing foundation which is growing at a quick rate; the development of roads is of real concern in India as it elevates access to monetary and social administrations, creating horticultural income and productivity employment. In India the greatest impediment to give a complete system of road framework is the constrained funds accessible to build road by the conventional method. The nearby accessible soil is not satisfactory for supporting the reiteration of high business vehicles on consistent road width results into weakening of roads. Clay soils change fundamentally in volume with change in water substance are the reason for distortions to structures that incurs cost taxpayers several billion rupees every year in the India. This paper manages a research facility examination of soil as CL as per Indian Standard (1498 – 1970). To the untreated soil adjustments utilizing the doses of 1 and 2 % PPC are carried out. At first the tests are directed to focus physical & engineering properties of natural soil by directing research center tests furthermore to assess the change in properties by the addition of stabilizers to be utilized as a part of pavement design for economy.
Keywords: Cement, Soil Stabilization, strength, moisture content.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO FOR MECHANICALLY STABI...IAEME Publication
The document describes an experimental investigation on the use of waste rubber tire chips and lime to stabilize expansive soil and improve its California Bearing Ratio (CBR). Laboratory tests were conducted on soil treated with various percentages of lime and rubber chips to determine optimum amounts. The CBR values increased with lime and rubber content up to a limit, after which they decreased. The optimum percentages found were 4% lime and 6% rubber chips.
Strength Behaviour of Expansive Soil Treated with Tile WasteIJERD Editor
This study investigated the effects of tile waste on the engineering properties of expansive soil. Expansive soil samples were mixed with 0-30% tile waste by weight. Index property tests found that liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index decreased with increased tile waste content. Compaction tests showed that maximum dry density increased up to 20% tile waste while optimum moisture content decreased. California Bearing Ratio tests indicated soaked CBR increased by 105% with 20% tile waste. Swelling pressure tests showed a 48% reduction in swelling pressure at 20% tile waste. The study concluded that tile waste up to 20% can effectively improve the strength properties of expansive soil for use in flexible pavement subgrades.
GGBS are added from 0% to 40% by dry weight of soil, first of all check the all
soil property at 0 % (no GGBS) and then compare after addition of GGBS from 10% to 40%. On
the basis of Standard Proctor test & Unconfined Compressive Strength test the optimum
percentage of GGBS is 10%. Investigations showed that generally the engineering properties
which improved with the addition of GGBS. The California bearing ratio of soil increases as the
percentage of GGBS replaced in increase.
Experimental Study on Variation of Unconfined Compressive Strength of a Lime ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on the variation of unconfined compressive strength of lime stabilized soil from Solina, Srinagar, India. Laboratory tests were conducted on soil samples with different lime contents. The results showed that the soil's unconfined compressive strength increased with lime content, with the maximum strength obtained at 6.5% lime. Adding lime improved the soil's engineering properties and increased its unconfined compressive strength by over 250 kN/m2, indicating pozzolanic reactions occurred that bound the soil particles.
This document summarizes a student report on soil stabilization using fly ash. The report acknowledges the assistance of the student's supervisor and others. It includes an abstract stating that the investigation evaluated the compaction and strength of black cotton soil stabilized with mixtures of fine and coarse fly ash. The report findings show that addition of fly ash improves the strength and compaction properties of the stabilized soil, with fine fly ash mixtures providing up to 25% higher peak strength than coarse fly ash mixtures.
IRJET - Review of Improving Properties of Soil using Fly-Ash and Terra-ZymeIRJET Journal
This document summarizes previous research on using fly ash and Terra-zyme to improve the properties of soils with poor bearing capacity. Several studies found that treating soil with Terra-zyme and curing it for weeks led to significant increases in the soil's California Bearing Ratio (CBR), unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and reductions in permeability. Specifically, one study found CBR values increased up to 400% and UCS increased up to 450% compared to untreated soil. Researchers concluded that Terra-zyme is effective at stabilizing clayey and sandy soils but less effective for silty soils.
A Comparative Study on the Influence of Traditional,Non-Traditional and by-Pr...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a comparative study on the influence of traditional, non-traditional, and by-product stabilizers on the geotechnical properties of Kuttanad clay. Specifically, it examines the effects of metakaolin (a traditional stabilizer), terrazyme (a non-traditional bio-enzyme stabilizer), and crumb rubber powder (a by-product stabilizer) on the shear strength, compressibility, and plasticity of Kuttanad clay. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the optimum dosages of each stabilizer and how the treated clay properties changed over different curing periods. The results indicated that metakaolin at 6%, terrazyme at 200ml/2m3, and
This document summarizes a study on soil stabilization using coir (coconut fiber). It describes evaluating the properties of clayey soil, determining index properties, and testing the effect of adding different percentages of coir fiber (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%) on unconfined compressive strength and CBR value. The results showed that compressive strength increased by 78.8% and CBR value increased with 1.5% coir fiber addition compared to unreinforced soil. The optimum moisture content increased while maximum dry density decreased with fiber content. Overall, the study demonstrated coir fiber is effective and economical for improving soil strength properties.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IRJET-Stabilization of Expansive Soils using Construction and Demolition WasteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on stabilizing expansive black cotton soil using construction and demolition waste. The soil was mixed with powdered concrete and plaster debris waste at percentages from 2% to 14%. Standard Proctor tests found that the optimum moisture content decreased while the maximum dry density increased with higher waste content. Direct shear tests also showed that cohesion and internal friction angle increased with waste additions up to 10%, indicating higher shear strength. The study aims to reduce costs compared to other stabilizers and provide an optimal use for construction waste by decreasing the swelling properties of black cotton soil and increasing its bearing capacity and durability when used as a foundation material.
This document discusses a study on the effect of using Sudanese aggregates and supplementary cementitious materials like silica fume and fly ash to produce high strength concrete. Hundreds of concrete specimens with different mixtures of local materials, silica fume, fly ash, and water-cement ratios were tested to determine compressive strength and workability. The results showed that local Sudanese materials can be used to successfully produce concrete with a compressive strength of 80 MPa when combined with supplementary cementitious materials. Water-cement ratio had an inverse relationship with compressive strength. Silica fume improved short and long-term concrete properties while fly ash inversely affected 28-day strength. The study aims to provide insights for producing
IRJET- Soil Stabilization using Fly AshIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using fly ash to stabilize soil. Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion that can improve soil properties when mixed in. The study tested various properties of soil mixed with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% fly ash content. Tests showed that fly ash reduced the plasticity index and increased the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of the soil. Specifically, adding 15% fly ash reduced the plasticity index to 0, meaning the soil became non-plastic. Fly ash addition also resulted in appreciable increases to the CBR, which can reduce required pavement thickness. Previous studies also found fly ash improves soil strength, reduces expansion, and lowers hydraulic conductivity. The research aims to utilize
COMPARISON OF SUBGRADE SOIL STRENGTH USING LIME & COST ANALYSISSk Md Nayar
This project report analyzes the improvement of soil properties and stabilization using lime. Chapter 1 introduces the need for ground improvement and soil stabilization techniques. Soil stabilization can alter soil properties to enhance engineering quality. Methods include stabilization without additives like compaction, drainage, reinforcement, and with additives like lime. The report aims to compare the strength of subgrade soil treated with different percentages of lime and perform a cost analysis. Experimental testing is conducted on soil samples with 3%, 6%, 9%, 12% lime mix to determine properties like compaction characteristics, CBR values, and unconfined compressive strength. The results show lime treatment improves plasticity index, strength behavior, and bearing capacity of soil. The study concludes lime stabilization
Bank Saint Petersburg reported its 9M 2011 results. It is a leading bank in St. Petersburg with over 1.1 million retail customers and 35,000 corporate customers. As of October 2011, the bank had total assets of RUB 305.8 billion, total capital of RUB 43.6 billion, and net income of RUB 5.6 billion. Key highlights included double-digit growth in total assets, loans, and capital compared to the same period last year.
This study assessed the effect of combining wood ash and lime on the engineering properties of expansive soil from Awgu, Nigeria. Natural soil samples had high plasticity and shrink-swell potential. Addition of wood ash alone improved soil properties up to an optimum of 78% soil and 18% wood ash. Further addition of lime up to an optimum of 78% soil, 18% wood ash and 4% lime further reduced plasticity, shrinkage, and swell potential while improving compaction and strength. Curing treated soil samples for 28 days led to further strength gains. The study concluded that combining wood ash and lime can successfully stabilize expansive soils to improve their use in construction while providing an environmentally-friendly use for wood ash
Cost Effectiveness of Replacing Sand with Crushed Granite Fine (CGF) In the M...IOSR Journals
The economic gain of replacing sand with Crushed Granite Fines in the production of concrete was investigated. Compressive strength and slump tests were performed on fresh and hardened concrete using two nominal mixes of 1:1:2 and 1:1½: 3 with the sand component being partially replaced with Crushed Granite Fines. Compressive strength values above 30 N/mm² and 35 N/mm² were obtained for nominal mixes of 1:1:2 and 1:1½: 3 respectively when sand was partially replaced with 25 – 37.5% Crushed Granite Fines. Based on the economic analysis of the test results, replacement of sand with 25 – 37.5% Crushed Granite Fines is recommended for use in concrete production.
Roads are the lifeline of the nation and hence a road must be of better quality which could make effective land access possible. According to a research conducted in Sri Lanka, if you want to rescue a village from poverty, 10-20 years of educational subsidy might not work, but if the same amount of money is funneled on road infrastructure development, you can see results within 2 years. An effective road network ensures efficient delivery of goods and transportation of people, directly contributing to the economic growth of the region. Due to economic reasons in developing nations like India, it is not possible to make paved roads especially in rural areas. These areas are mostly connected by the use of unpaved roads called as earth road or soil roads. But there are many problems associated in building these roads particularly like deterioration of the surface usually by rutting and formation of potholes, dusty in dry state and muddy during wet state. The basis of this report is to make aware about the non-traditional soil stabilization technique using Probase SH-85 Soil Hardener for hardening soil of any type and TX-85 Soil Stabilizer & Strengthener for stabilizing unstable soil and at last sealing it by spraying with Probase PB-65 Soil Sealant on soil surface. The Probase Road System ensures making soil road no longer dusty and muddy. These products are free from toxins and are environmental friendly unlike bitumen, soil-cement, lime and asphalt roads. Probase soil stabilizer will hence not only help in stabilizing the soil but will also reduce maintenance and construction cost, along with ensuring that the roads remain open and well operational in rainy season and dust-free in dry season that is to make it an all-weather road.
This document discusses a project report on using waste fiber as a soil stabilizer. It begins with an abstract that summarizes the objectives of investigating the use of waste fibers in soil applications and evaluating the effects of waste polypropylene fibers on shear strength through direct shear and unconfined compression tests. It then provides background on soil stabilization and different methods. The literature review covers topics like soil properties, particle size distribution, specific gravity, California bearing ratio, and shear strength. Finally, the scope of experimental work is outlined which includes determining index properties like liquid limit and conducting tests like direct shear and unconfined compression.
Investigating the modifications in properties of clayey soil utilizing ppc fo...eSAT Journals
Abstract
Road improvement is one of the significant parts of developing foundation which is growing at a quick rate; the development of roads is of real concern in India as it elevates access to monetary and social administrations, creating horticultural income and productivity employment. In India the greatest impediment to give a complete system of road framework is the constrained funds accessible to build road by the conventional method. The nearby accessible soil is not satisfactory for supporting the reiteration of high business vehicles on consistent road width results into weakening of roads. Clay soils change fundamentally in volume with change in water substance are the reason for distortions to structures that incurs cost taxpayers several billion rupees every year in the India. This paper manages a research facility examination of soil as CL as per Indian Standard (1498 – 1970). To the untreated soil adjustments utilizing the doses of 1 and 2 % PPC are carried out. At first the tests are directed to focus physical & engineering properties of natural soil by directing research center tests furthermore to assess the change in properties by the addition of stabilizers to be utilized as a part of pavement design for economy.
Keywords: Cement, Soil Stabilization, strength, moisture content.
EXPERIMENTAL INVESTIGATION ON CALIFORNIA BEARING RATIO FOR MECHANICALLY STABI...IAEME Publication
The document describes an experimental investigation on the use of waste rubber tire chips and lime to stabilize expansive soil and improve its California Bearing Ratio (CBR). Laboratory tests were conducted on soil treated with various percentages of lime and rubber chips to determine optimum amounts. The CBR values increased with lime and rubber content up to a limit, after which they decreased. The optimum percentages found were 4% lime and 6% rubber chips.
Strength Behaviour of Expansive Soil Treated with Tile WasteIJERD Editor
This study investigated the effects of tile waste on the engineering properties of expansive soil. Expansive soil samples were mixed with 0-30% tile waste by weight. Index property tests found that liquid limit, plastic limit, and plasticity index decreased with increased tile waste content. Compaction tests showed that maximum dry density increased up to 20% tile waste while optimum moisture content decreased. California Bearing Ratio tests indicated soaked CBR increased by 105% with 20% tile waste. Swelling pressure tests showed a 48% reduction in swelling pressure at 20% tile waste. The study concluded that tile waste up to 20% can effectively improve the strength properties of expansive soil for use in flexible pavement subgrades.
GGBS are added from 0% to 40% by dry weight of soil, first of all check the all
soil property at 0 % (no GGBS) and then compare after addition of GGBS from 10% to 40%. On
the basis of Standard Proctor test & Unconfined Compressive Strength test the optimum
percentage of GGBS is 10%. Investigations showed that generally the engineering properties
which improved with the addition of GGBS. The California bearing ratio of soil increases as the
percentage of GGBS replaced in increase.
Experimental Study on Variation of Unconfined Compressive Strength of a Lime ...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes an experimental study on the variation of unconfined compressive strength of lime stabilized soil from Solina, Srinagar, India. Laboratory tests were conducted on soil samples with different lime contents. The results showed that the soil's unconfined compressive strength increased with lime content, with the maximum strength obtained at 6.5% lime. Adding lime improved the soil's engineering properties and increased its unconfined compressive strength by over 250 kN/m2, indicating pozzolanic reactions occurred that bound the soil particles.
This document summarizes a student report on soil stabilization using fly ash. The report acknowledges the assistance of the student's supervisor and others. It includes an abstract stating that the investigation evaluated the compaction and strength of black cotton soil stabilized with mixtures of fine and coarse fly ash. The report findings show that addition of fly ash improves the strength and compaction properties of the stabilized soil, with fine fly ash mixtures providing up to 25% higher peak strength than coarse fly ash mixtures.
IRJET - Review of Improving Properties of Soil using Fly-Ash and Terra-ZymeIRJET Journal
This document summarizes previous research on using fly ash and Terra-zyme to improve the properties of soils with poor bearing capacity. Several studies found that treating soil with Terra-zyme and curing it for weeks led to significant increases in the soil's California Bearing Ratio (CBR), unconfined compressive strength (UCS), and reductions in permeability. Specifically, one study found CBR values increased up to 400% and UCS increased up to 450% compared to untreated soil. Researchers concluded that Terra-zyme is effective at stabilizing clayey and sandy soils but less effective for silty soils.
A Comparative Study on the Influence of Traditional,Non-Traditional and by-Pr...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a comparative study on the influence of traditional, non-traditional, and by-product stabilizers on the geotechnical properties of Kuttanad clay. Specifically, it examines the effects of metakaolin (a traditional stabilizer), terrazyme (a non-traditional bio-enzyme stabilizer), and crumb rubber powder (a by-product stabilizer) on the shear strength, compressibility, and plasticity of Kuttanad clay. Laboratory tests were conducted to determine the optimum dosages of each stabilizer and how the treated clay properties changed over different curing periods. The results indicated that metakaolin at 6%, terrazyme at 200ml/2m3, and
This document summarizes a study on soil stabilization using coir (coconut fiber). It describes evaluating the properties of clayey soil, determining index properties, and testing the effect of adding different percentages of coir fiber (0.5%, 1%, 1.5%) on unconfined compressive strength and CBR value. The results showed that compressive strength increased by 78.8% and CBR value increased with 1.5% coir fiber addition compared to unreinforced soil. The optimum moisture content increased while maximum dry density decreased with fiber content. Overall, the study demonstrated coir fiber is effective and economical for improving soil strength properties.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
IRJET-Stabilization of Expansive Soils using Construction and Demolition WasteIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on stabilizing expansive black cotton soil using construction and demolition waste. The soil was mixed with powdered concrete and plaster debris waste at percentages from 2% to 14%. Standard Proctor tests found that the optimum moisture content decreased while the maximum dry density increased with higher waste content. Direct shear tests also showed that cohesion and internal friction angle increased with waste additions up to 10%, indicating higher shear strength. The study aims to reduce costs compared to other stabilizers and provide an optimal use for construction waste by decreasing the swelling properties of black cotton soil and increasing its bearing capacity and durability when used as a foundation material.
This document discusses a study on the effect of using Sudanese aggregates and supplementary cementitious materials like silica fume and fly ash to produce high strength concrete. Hundreds of concrete specimens with different mixtures of local materials, silica fume, fly ash, and water-cement ratios were tested to determine compressive strength and workability. The results showed that local Sudanese materials can be used to successfully produce concrete with a compressive strength of 80 MPa when combined with supplementary cementitious materials. Water-cement ratio had an inverse relationship with compressive strength. Silica fume improved short and long-term concrete properties while fly ash inversely affected 28-day strength. The study aims to provide insights for producing
IRJET- Soil Stabilization using Fly AshIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using fly ash to stabilize soil. Fly ash is a byproduct of coal combustion that can improve soil properties when mixed in. The study tested various properties of soil mixed with 0%, 5%, 10%, and 15% fly ash content. Tests showed that fly ash reduced the plasticity index and increased the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) of the soil. Specifically, adding 15% fly ash reduced the plasticity index to 0, meaning the soil became non-plastic. Fly ash addition also resulted in appreciable increases to the CBR, which can reduce required pavement thickness. Previous studies also found fly ash improves soil strength, reduces expansion, and lowers hydraulic conductivity. The research aims to utilize
COMPARISON OF SUBGRADE SOIL STRENGTH USING LIME & COST ANALYSISSk Md Nayar
This project report analyzes the improvement of soil properties and stabilization using lime. Chapter 1 introduces the need for ground improvement and soil stabilization techniques. Soil stabilization can alter soil properties to enhance engineering quality. Methods include stabilization without additives like compaction, drainage, reinforcement, and with additives like lime. The report aims to compare the strength of subgrade soil treated with different percentages of lime and perform a cost analysis. Experimental testing is conducted on soil samples with 3%, 6%, 9%, 12% lime mix to determine properties like compaction characteristics, CBR values, and unconfined compressive strength. The results show lime treatment improves plasticity index, strength behavior, and bearing capacity of soil. The study concludes lime stabilization
Bank Saint Petersburg reported its 9M 2011 results. It is a leading bank in St. Petersburg with over 1.1 million retail customers and 35,000 corporate customers. As of October 2011, the bank had total assets of RUB 305.8 billion, total capital of RUB 43.6 billion, and net income of RUB 5.6 billion. Key highlights included double-digit growth in total assets, loans, and capital compared to the same period last year.
Este documento presenta la información sobre el curso de Técnico en Conducción de Actividades Físico-Deportivas en el Medio Natural. El curso cubre cinco unidades de competencia que incluyen conducir grupos en senderismo, ciclismo y equitación. Ofrece formación profesional de grado superior y enseñanzas deportivas especiales relacionadas con el montañismo y otros deportes. Los estudiantes pueden continuar su educación universitaria o trabajar en empresas de turismo y actividades al aire libre.
Gerer les risques de la supplychain agroalimentaireBRIVA
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Clustering Based Lifetime Maximizing Aggregation Tree for Wireless Sensor Net...IJASCSE
This document proposes a Clustering Based Lifetime Maximizing Aggregation Tree (CLMAT) algorithm for wireless sensor networks. The algorithm aims to reduce energy consumption by creating an aggregation tree that minimizes distance traversed, energy consumed, and cost. It considers the three factors of energy, distance, and cost simultaneously when constructing the tree, unlike previous works. The tree is structured to maximize network lifetime by selecting nodes with higher residual energy as parents where possible. Pseudocode is provided to generate the aggregation tree using clustering by calculating branch and tree energy, distance, and cost at each step to ultimately select the tree with the highest lifetime, lowest energy consumption, distance, and cost.
Enhancement in Properties of Clayey Soil with addition of Calcium Chloride, B...IRJET Journal
The document discusses the enhancement of properties of clayey soil through the addition of calcium chloride, brick kiln dust, and rubber fiber. Clayey soil is expansive in nature and causes issues for structures built on it. The study aims to evaluate mixtures of soil, brick kiln dust at 15-50%, calcium chloride at 15%, and rubber fiber at 0.5-1.5% through various tests. The tests show that mixtures with calcium chloride exhibited higher strength, lower plasticity index, and lower free swell index. This indicates that calcium chloride, brick kiln dust, and rubber fiber can effectively stabilize expansive soils and improve their engineering properties.
The document studies soil cement blocks used for load-bearing masonry. Soil cement blocks with varying cement contents (6%, 8%, 12%) were tested to examine characteristics like compressive strength, water absorption, pore size, and elastic properties. Testing found that doubling the cement content from 6% resulted in over 2.5 times increase in strength. Water absorption was not greatly affected by cement content, but rate of absorption and pore size decreased with higher cement. Elastic modulus increased over 2 times when cement increased from 6% to 8%, but only marginally from 8% to 12%. The study aims to promote soil cement blocks as a lower-cost and more sustainable alternative to fired clay bricks for housing construction.
A Schematic Review on Environment Friendly Soil Stabilization MaterialsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using environmentally friendly materials for soil stabilization. It discusses how traditional stabilization methods can be harmful to the environment. Recent research has shown natural soil properties like strength and compressibility can be improved by adding bio-enzymes and agricultural/commercial waste. The document reviews several studies on different eco-friendly stabilization techniques like using fly ash, lime, and olivine. It evaluates factors that affect stabilized soil strength and the benefits of soil stabilization, such as increased load-bearing capacity and durability. The goal of using environmentally friendly methods is to strengthen soil in a cost-effective and sustainable way.
A LABORATORY STUDY ON THE STABILIZATION OF SOIL USING STONE DUST, BLACK SOIL,...IRJET Journal
The document discusses a laboratory study on stabilizing black soil using stone dust, rice husk ash, and their combinations. Standard Proctor tests were conducted to determine the optimum moisture content and maximum dry density of the soil mixtures. Unconfined compressive strength tests and California bearing ratio tests found that adding stone dust and rice husk ash to the black soil increased its strength properties. Specifically, mixing the soil with 9% stone dust and 12% rice husk ash yielded the highest maximum dry density and significantly enhanced the soil's compressive strength and bearing capacity. The study aims to utilize locally available and low-cost materials like stone dust and rice husk ash for soil stabilization as an alternative to expensive stabilizers.
IRJET- Soil Stabilization by using Waste Material - Brick DustIRJET Journal
This document discusses using brick dust to stabilize black cotton soil for construction purposes. Black cotton soil is problematic for construction due to its high shrink-swell potential and low strength. The authors investigate using brick dust as an additive to improve the engineering properties of black cotton soil. They describe the properties of the untreated black cotton soil and brick dust. Laboratory tests are conducted to determine if brick dust improves the strength and reduces the volume change of black cotton soil. The results indicate whether brick dust is effective at stabilizing black cotton soil for construction applications.
IRJET- Strength Improvement of Clayey Soil with Waste Plastic Strips and Ceme...IRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on improving the strength of clayey soil through the addition of waste plastic strips and cement kiln dust. The study tested different mixtures of clayey soil with plastic strips ranging from 0.5-1.5% and cement kiln dust ranging from 10-25%. Tests were conducted to determine the liquid limit, plastic limit, and maximum dry density of each mixture. The results showed that the addition of cement kiln dust and plastic strips generally decreased the liquid limit and plasticity index, while increasing the plastic limit and maximum dry density compared to the original clayey soil. The optimum mixture was found to be 80% soil with 20% cement kiln dust, which had the lowest liquid limit,
IMPROVEMENT OF EXPANSIVE SOIL USING LIME & WASTE GLASS POWDERIRJET Journal
The document presents an experimental study on improving the properties of expansive soil through stabilization with waste glass powder and lime. Several laboratory tests were conducted on untreated and treated soil samples, including specific gravity, liquid limit, plastic limit, free swell index, standard proctor, and CBR tests. The aim was to determine the percentage of waste glass powder and lime required to maximize soil strength. Results showed that adding up to 10% waste glass powder and 2% lime increased the specific gravity, reduced the liquid limit and plasticity index, and improved the CBR value compared to untreated soil, with the optimum mix being 6% glass powder. This indicates waste glass powder and lime can effectively stabilize expansive soil.
IRJET- An Experimential Study on Use of Quarry Dust to Replace Sand in Concre...IRJET Journal
This document presents the results of an experimental study on using quarry dust to replace sand in concrete. Quarry dust is a byproduct of the stone crushing process and can be used as a substitute for natural sand. The study tested different ratios of sand to quarry dust in concrete mixes to determine the optimal replacement ratio. Tests were conducted to measure the workability, density, and compressive strength of concrete mixes with 0-100% replacement of sand with quarry dust. The results showed that replacing up to 40% of sand with quarry dust increased the density and compressive strength of the concrete while still maintaining adequate workability. Replacing sand with quarry dust up to 40% produced equivalent or better results compared to
Maturity period and curing as important quality control parametersIAEME Publication
This document discusses the importance of maturity period and curing as quality control parameters for lime-stabilized clay subgrades used in road construction. Laboratory experiments were conducted to determine the effect of delayed compaction and varying curing periods on the California Bearing Ratio (CBR) and unconfined compressive strength (UCC) of lime-stabilized clay mixes. The results showed that delayed compaction decreased the optimum moisture content, maximum dry density, and CBR values of the mixes. Curing the mixes for 7 and 28 days increased their CBR and UCC values compared to uncured mixes. The study highlights the need to control the maturity period and provide adequate curing time to achieve sufficient strength in lime-stabil
Strength behaviour of foundry sand on modified high strength concreteeSAT Journals
Abstract Metal foundries use a large amount of sand as part of the metal casting process. Foundry industries generally recycle and reuse the used foundry sand many times in casting process. When the sand can no longer be reused in the foundry, it is removed from the foundry and is termed as "foundry waste sand." Like many waste products, foundry sand has beneficial applications to other industries. A mixture of silica sand coated with a thin film of burnt carbon and residual binder with traces of dust is termed as foundry sand. From the previous available literature it was found that replacement of sand by foundry sand by certain initial percentages gives a marginal increase in hardened properties of normal strength concrete. In the present work, fine aggregate is replaced by foundry sand with percentages and tests were performed for hardened properties of modified high strength concrete for all replacement levels. Keywords: Waste Foundry Sand, physical properties, chemical properties, compressive strength, splitting tensile strength and flexural strength
Study on Green Concrete using Industrial Waste Product for Rigid Pavement Con...ijtsrd
In this experiment Fly as his used as 10 replace by weight of cement and Eco Sand as the partial replacement of Fine Aggregate from 0 , 6 , 12 , 18 and 24 .The grade of the concrete here is M 30 grade and tested for compressive, split tensile and flexure strength at 7 days, 14 days and 28 days of age prepared and the different strength parameters i.e. compressive strength, tensile and flexure strength. compressive strength of the concrete by replacing 0 to 18 sand by eco sand and 10 cement by fly ash the strength is increase 26.3, 29.22 and 36.28 at 7, 14 and 28days respectively after adding of eco sand strength was decreases in M 30 Grade concrete as compared to the conventional concrete. Rajat Sharma | Nitesh Kushwaha "Study on Green Concrete using Industrial Waste Product for Rigid Pavement Construction" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-2 , February 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd38650.pdf Paper Url: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/civil-engineering/38650/study-on-green-concrete-using-industrial-waste-product-for-rigid-pavement-construction/rajat-sharma
IRJET- Tyre Rubber Powder as a Soil StabilizerIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study on the use of tire rubber powder as a soil stabilizer. The study investigated how adding different percentages of crumb rubber powder (0%, 5%, 10%, 15%) impacted the shear strength and bearing capacity of black cotton soil. Tests were conducted to determine the effect on properties like liquid limit, plastic limit, and California Bearing Ratio (CBR). The results showed that 10% crumb rubber powder increased the CBR value and shear strength the most. Above 10% crumb rubber, the soil strength started to decrease. Therefore, the study concluded that 10% crumb rubber powder provides an effective and economical means to stabilize expansive black cotton soil.
Study On Partial Replacement Of Fine Aggregates In Concrete By Recycled Concr...IRJET Journal
The document studies the effect of partially replacing fine aggregates in concrete with recycled concrete aggregates (RCA). Concrete mixtures were developed with 0-30% replacement of fine aggregates with RCA at 5% intervals. Testing showed workability decreased with higher RCA content due to higher water absorption. Compressive, tensile, and flexural strength generally increased up to 15% RCA replacement compared to conventional concrete, with 25% replacement also showing satisfactory results. The optimum RCA replacement was found to be 25% based on the experimental results.
Effect of Quartz sand Grains Diameter on the Mechanical Properties of Mortarsijtsrd
The aim of this study is to evaluate experimentally the influence of quartz dune sand incorporation in the cement matrix by mass substitution at different percentages and diameters, on the mechanical properties of the mortars. Properties of the mortars were determined by flexural traction and compressive strength the results obtained highlight the effect of the sand dune grain diameter on the mechanical properties of the mortars tested. The use of quartz dune sand with a diameter of less than 0.16mm improved the mechanical strength of mortars. Azhar Badaoui | Abdeslam Benamara | Mohamed Amine Benaimeche "Effect of Quartz sand Grains Diameter on the Mechanical Properties of Mortars" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-6 , October 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd18581.pdf
IRJET- Effect of Manufacturing Sand on Durability of ConcreteIRJET Journal
This document discusses a study on the effect of manufacturing sand on the durability of concrete. Concrete mixtures of M20 and M40 grade were produced by replacing natural sand with 0%, 50%, 70%, and 100% manufacturing sand. Various tests were performed to determine the hardened properties and durability of the concrete mixtures. The compressive strength of the concrete mixtures was tested at curing ages of 3, 7, and 28 days. The results showed that 100% replacement of natural sand with manufacturing sand increased the 28-day compressive strength of M20 grade concrete by over 30%. For M40 grade concrete, 50% replacement of natural sand with manufacturing sand increased the compressive strength at all ages compared to the control mixture. In
Investigation On The Utilization Of Laterite As Replacement Of Fine Aggregate...IRJET Journal
This document investigates utilizing laterite as a partial replacement for fine aggregate in concrete. Laterite is a locally available material in India that could help address shortages of river sand for construction. Several mix designs were tested with 0%, 10%, 20%, and 30% replacement of fine aggregate with laterite. Specimens were cast and tested at curing periods of 3, 7, and 28 days to determine the compressive, tensile, and flexural strengths. The results showed that laterite concrete mixes had lower workability but maintained comparable or higher strengths compared to the control mix without laterite. Using a portion of laterite as a sustainable alternative to river sand could provide environmental and economic benefits.
IRJET- Comparative Analysis of River Sand, M-Sand and Quarry SandIRJET Journal
The document presents a comparative analysis of river sand, manufactured sand (M-sand), and quarry sand for use as fine aggregates in concrete. A series of tests were conducted to evaluate the compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength of concrete mixtures made with 100% replacement of river sand with M-sand and quarry sand. The results showed that at 28 days, M-sand concrete achieved higher strengths than river sand concrete, indicating that natural sand can be fully replaced with M-sand in concrete.
IRJET- Analysis of Strength Characteristics of Clayey Soil using Marble Dust ...IRJET Journal
The document analyzes the use of marble dust to improve the strength characteristics of clayey soil. Marble dust was added to clayey soil samples in percentages from 0% to 25%. Testing found that the unconfined compressive strength of the soil increased up to 15% marble dust addition, with the optimum strength achieved at 15% marble dust content.
IRJET - Performance of Self Compacting Concrete with Replacement of Granite P...IRJET Journal
This study investigates the use of granite powder to partially replace fine aggregate in self-compacting concrete (SCC). Granite powder is a waste product from granite cutting and polishing industries. The objectives are to study the fresh and hardened properties of SCC containing granite powder and to evaluate its potential as a supplementary cementitious material. The methodology includes mixing SCC with varying replacement levels of fine aggregate with granite powder, casting specimens, and testing them to determine properties like compressive strength, split tensile strength, and flexural strength. Preliminary tests are also conducted on the materials used. The results will help in utilizing an industrial waste product while developing more sustainable self-compacting concrete.
STABILIZATION OF EXPANSIVE SOIL USING WATER HYACINTH ASHIRJET Journal
This document summarizes a study that aimed to stabilize expansive soil in the Kuttanad region of Kerala, India using water hyacinth ash. The soil was treated with varying percentages of water hyacinth ash from 0.25% to 1.5% and tested. Tests showed that treating the soil with 1% water hyacinth ash produced the highest unconfined compressive strength of 1.8 kPa, a 50% increase over the untreated soil. Further testing examined the effect of curing times of 3 and 7 days on treated soil properties. Maximum dry density was highest for uncured soil while optimum moisture content peaked at 3 days of curing. Compressive strength was highest for uncured soil
Similar to Stabilization of weak pavement subgrades using cement kiln dust 2 (20)
Submission Deadline: 30th September 2022
Acceptance Notification: Within Three Days’ time period
Online Publication: Within 24 Hrs. time Period
Expected Date of Dispatch of Printed Journal: 5th October 2022
MODELING AND ANALYSIS OF SURFACE ROUGHNESS AND WHITE LATER THICKNESS IN WIRE-...IAEME Publication
White layer thickness (WLT) formed and surface roughness in wire electric discharge turning (WEDT) of tungsten carbide composite has been made to model through response surface methodology (RSM). A Taguchi’s standard Design of experiments involving five input variables with three levels has been employed to establish a mathematical model between input parameters and responses. Percentage of cobalt content, spindle speed, Pulse on-time, wire feed and pulse off-time were changed during the experimental tests based on the Taguchi’s orthogonal array L27 (3^13). Analysis of variance (ANOVA) revealed that the mathematical models obtained can adequately describe performance within the parameters of the factors considered. There was a good agreement between the experimental and predicted values in this study.
A STUDY ON THE REASONS FOR TRANSGENDER TO BECOME ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
The study explores the reasons for a transgender to become entrepreneurs. In this study transgender entrepreneur was taken as independent variable and reasons to become as dependent variable. Data were collected through a structured questionnaire containing a five point Likert Scale. The study examined the data of 30 transgender entrepreneurs in Salem Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State, India. Simple Random sampling technique was used. Garrett Ranking Technique (Percentile Position, Mean Scores) was used as the analysis for the present study to identify the top 13 stimulus factors for establishment of trans entrepreneurial venture. Economic advancement of a nation is governed upon the upshot of a resolute entrepreneurial doings. The conception of entrepreneurship has stretched and materialized to the socially deflated uncharted sections of transgender community. Presently transgenders have smashed their stereotypes and are making recent headlines of achievements in various fields of our Indian society. The trans-community is gradually being observed in a new light and has been trying to achieve prospective growth in entrepreneurship. The findings of the research revealed that the optimistic changes are taking place to change affirmative societal outlook of the transgender for entrepreneurial ventureship. It also laid emphasis on other transgenders to renovate their traditional living. The paper also highlights that legislators, supervisory body should endorse an impartial canons and reforms in Tamil Nadu Transgender Welfare Board Association.
BROAD UNEXPOSED SKILLS OF TRANSGENDER ENTREPRENEURSIAEME Publication
Since ages gender difference is always a debatable theme whether caused by nature, evolution or environment. The birth of a transgender is dreadful not only for the child but also for their parents. The pain of living in the wrong physique and treated as second class victimized citizen is outrageous and fully harboured with vicious baseless negative scruples. For so long, social exclusion had perpetuated inequality and deprivation experiencing ingrained malign stigma and besieged victims of crime or violence across their life spans. They are pushed into the murky way of life with a source of eternal disgust, bereft sexual potency and perennial fear. Although they are highly visible but very little is known about them. The common public needs to comprehend the ravaged arrogance on these insensitive souls and assist in integrating them into the mainstream by offering equal opportunity, treat with humanity and respect their dignity. Entrepreneurship in the current age is endorsing the gender fairness movement. Unstable careers and economic inadequacy had inclined one of the gender variant people called Transgender to become entrepreneurs. These tiny budding entrepreneurs resulted in economic transition by means of employment, free from the clutches of stereotype jobs, raised standard of living and handful of financial empowerment. Besides all these inhibitions, they were able to witness a platform for skill set development that ignited them to enter into entrepreneurial domain. This paper epitomizes skill sets involved in trans-entrepreneurs of Thoothukudi Municipal Corporation of Tamil Nadu State and is a groundbreaking determination to sightsee various skills incorporated and the impact on entrepreneurship.
DETERMINANTS AFFECTING THE USER'S INTENTION TO USE MOBILE BANKING APPLICATIONSIAEME Publication
The banking and financial services industries are experiencing increased technology penetration. Among them, the banking industry has made technological advancements to better serve the general populace. The economy focused on transforming the banking sector's system into a cashless, paperless, and faceless one. The researcher wants to evaluate the user's intention for utilising a mobile banking application. The study also examines the variables affecting the user's behaviour intention when selecting specific applications for financial transactions. The researcher employed a well-structured questionnaire and a descriptive study methodology to gather the respondents' primary data utilising the snowball sampling technique. The study includes variables like performance expectations, effort expectations, social impact, enabling circumstances, and perceived risk. Each of the aforementioned variables has a major impact on how users utilise mobile banking applications. The outcome will assist the service provider in comprehending the user's history with mobile banking applications.
ANALYSE THE USER PREDILECTION ON GPAY AND PHONEPE FOR DIGITAL TRANSACTIONSIAEME Publication
Technology upgradation in banking sector took the economy to view that payment mode towards online transactions using mobile applications. This system enabled connectivity between banks, Merchant and user in a convenient mode. there are various applications used for online transactions such as Google pay, Paytm, freecharge, mobikiwi, oxygen, phonepe and so on and it also includes mobile banking applications. The study aimed at evaluating the predilection of the user in adopting digital transaction. The study is descriptive in nature. The researcher used random sample techniques to collect the data. The findings reveal that mobile applications differ with the quality of service rendered by Gpay and Phonepe. The researcher suggest the Phonepe application should focus on implementing the application should be user friendly interface and Gpay on motivating the users to feel the importance of request for money and modes of payments in the application.
VOICE BASED ATM FOR VISUALLY IMPAIRED USING ARDUINOIAEME Publication
The prototype of a voice-based ATM for visually impaired using Arduino is to help people who are blind. This uses RFID cards which contain users fingerprint encrypted on it and interacts with the users through voice commands. ATM operates when sensor detects the presence of one person in the cabin. After scanning the RFID card, it will ask to select the mode like –normal or blind. User can select the respective mode through voice input, if blind mode is selected the balance check or cash withdraw can be done through voice input. Normal mode procedure is same as the existing ATM.
IMPACT OF EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE ON HUMAN RESOURCE MANAGEMENT PRACTICES AMONG...IAEME Publication
There is increasing acceptability of emotional intelligence as a major factor in personality assessment and effective human resource management. Emotional intelligence as the ability to build capacity, empathize, co-operate, motivate and develop others cannot be divorced from both effective performance and human resource management systems. The human person is crucial in defining organizational leadership and fortunes in terms of challenges and opportunities and walking across both multinational and bilateral relationships. The growing complexity of the business world requires a great deal of self-confidence, integrity, communication, conflict and diversity management to keep the global enterprise within the paths of productivity and sustainability. Using the exploratory research design and 255 participants the result of this original study indicates strong positive correlation between emotional intelligence and effective human resource management. The paper offers suggestions on further studies between emotional intelligence and human capital development and recommends for conflict management as an integral part of effective human resource management.
VISUALISING AGING PARENTS & THEIR CLOSE CARERS LIFE JOURNEY IN AGING ECONOMYIAEME Publication
Our life journey, in general, is closely defined by the way we understand the meaning of why we coexist and deal with its challenges. As we develop the "inspiration economy", we could say that nearly all of the challenges we have faced are opportunities that help us to discover the rest of our journey. In this note paper, we explore how being faced with the opportunity of being a close carer for an aging parent with dementia brought intangible discoveries that changed our insight of the meaning of the rest of our life journey.
A STUDY ON THE IMPACT OF ORGANIZATIONAL CULTURE ON THE EFFECTIVENESS OF PERFO...IAEME Publication
The main objective of this study is to analyze the impact of aspects of Organizational Culture on the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System (PMS) in the Health Care Organization at Thanjavur. Organizational Culture and PMS play a crucial role in present-day organizations in achieving their objectives. PMS needs employees’ cooperation to achieve its intended objectives. Employees' cooperation depends upon the organization’s culture. The present study uses exploratory research to examine the relationship between the Organization's culture and the Effectiveness of the Performance Management System. The study uses a Structured Questionnaire to collect the primary data. For this study, Thirty-six non-clinical employees were selected from twelve randomly selected Health Care organizations at Thanjavur. Thirty-two fully completed questionnaires were received.
Living in 21st century in itself reminds all of us the necessity of police and its administration. As more and more we are entering into the modern society and culture, the more we require the services of the so called ‘Khaki Worthy’ men i.e., the police personnel. Whether we talk of Indian police or the other nation’s police, they all have the same recognition as they have in India. But as already mentioned, their services and requirements are different after the like 26th November, 2008 incidents, where they without saving their own lives has sacrificed themselves without any hitch and without caring about their respective family members and wards. In other words, they are like our heroes and mentors who can guide us from the darkness of fear, militancy, corruption and other dark sides of life and so on. Now the question arises, if Gandhi would have been alive today, what would have been his reaction/opinion to the police and its functioning? Would he have some thing different in his mind now what he had been in his mind before the partition or would he be going to start some Satyagraha in the form of some improvement in the functioning of the police administration? Really these questions or rather night mares can come to any one’s mind, when there is too much confusion is prevailing in our minds, when there is too much corruption in the society and when the polices working is also in the questioning because of one or the other case throughout the India. It is matter of great concern that we have to thing over our administration and our practical approach because the police personals are also like us, they are part and parcel of our society and among one of us, so why we all are pin pointing towards them.
A STUDY ON TALENT MANAGEMENT AND ITS IMPACT ON EMPLOYEE RETENTION IN SELECTED...IAEME Publication
The goal of this study was to see how talent management affected employee retention in the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The fundamental issue was the difficulty to attract, hire, and retain talented personnel who perform well and the gap between supply and demand of talent acquisition and retaining them within the firms. The study's main goals were to determine the impact of talent management on employee retention in IT companies in Chennai, investigate talent management strategies that IT companies could use to improve talent acquisition, performance management, career planning and formulate retention strategies that the IT firms could use. The respondents were given a structured close-ended questionnaire with the 5 Point Likert Scale as part of the study's quantitative research design. The target population consisted of 289 IT professionals. The questionnaires were distributed and collected by the researcher directly. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS) was used to collect and analyse the questionnaire responses. Hypotheses that were formulated for the various areas of the study were tested using a variety of statistical tests. The key findings of the study suggested that talent management had an impact on employee retention. The studies also found that there is a clear link between the implementation of talent management and retention measures. Management should provide enough training and development for employees, clarify job responsibilities, provide adequate remuneration packages, and recognise employees for exceptional performance.
ATTRITION IN THE IT INDUSTRY DURING COVID-19 PANDEMIC: LINKING EMOTIONAL INTE...IAEME Publication
Globally, Millions of dollars were spent by the organizations for employing skilled Information Technology (IT) professionals. It is costly to replace unskilled employees with IT professionals possessing technical skills and competencies that aid in interconnecting the business processes. The organization’s employment tactics were forced to alter by globalization along with technological innovations as they consistently diminish to remain lean, outsource to concentrate on core competencies along with restructuring/reallocate personnel to gather efficiency. As other jobs, organizations or professions have become reasonably more appropriate in a shifting employment landscape, the above alterations trigger both involuntary as well as voluntary turnover. The employee view on jobs is also afflicted by the COVID-19 pandemic along with the employee-driven labour market. So, having effective strategies is necessary to tackle the withdrawal rate of employees. By associating Emotional Intelligence (EI) along with Talent Management (TM) in the IT industry, the rise in attrition rate was analyzed in this study. Only 303 respondents were collected out of 350 participants to whom questionnaires were distributed. From the employees of IT organizations located in Bangalore (India), the data were congregated. A simple random sampling methodology was employed to congregate data as of the respondents. Generating the hypothesis along with testing is eventuated. The effect of EI and TM along with regression analysis between TM and EI was analyzed. The outcomes indicated that employee and Organizational Performance (OP) were elevated by effective EI along with TM.
INFLUENCE OF TALENT MANAGEMENT PRACTICES ON ORGANIZATIONAL PERFORMANCE A STUD...IAEME Publication
By implementing talent management strategy, organizations would have the option to retain their skilled professionals while additionally working on their overall performance. It is the course of appropriately utilizing the ideal individuals, setting them up for future top positions, exploring and dealing with their performance, and holding them back from leaving the organization. It is employee performance that determines the success of every organization. The firm quickly obtains an upper hand over its rivals in the event that its employees having particular skills that cannot be duplicated by the competitors. Thus, firms are centred on creating successful talent management practices and processes to deal with the unique human resources. Firms are additionally endeavouring to keep their top/key staff since on the off chance that they leave; the whole store of information leaves the firm's hands. The study's objective was to determine the impact of talent management on organizational performance among the selected IT organizations in Chennai. The study recommends that talent management limitedly affects performance. On the off chance that this talent is appropriately management and implemented properly, organizations might benefit as much as possible from their maintained assets to support development and productivity, both monetarily and non-monetarily.
A STUDY OF VARIOUS TYPES OF LOANS OF SELECTED PUBLIC AND PRIVATE SECTOR BANKS...IAEME Publication
Banking regulations act of India, 1949 defines banking as “acceptance of deposits for the purpose of lending or investment from the public, repayment on demand or otherwise and withdrawable through cheques, drafts order or otherwise”, the major participants of the Indian financial system are commercial banks, the financial institution encompassing term lending institutions. Investments institutions, specialized financial institution and the state level development banks, non banking financial companies (NBFC) and other market intermediaries such has the stock brokers and money lenders are among the oldest of the certain variants of NBFC and the oldest market participants. The asset quality of banks is one of the most important indicators of their financial health. The Indian banking sector has been facing severe problems of increasing Non- Performing Assets (NPAs). The NPAs growth directly and indirectly affects the quality of assets and profitability of banks. It also shows the efficiency of banks credit risk management and the recovery effectiveness. NPA do not generate any income, whereas, the bank is required to make provisions for such as assets that why is a double edge weapon. This paper outlines the concept of quality of bank loans of different types like Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of selected public and private sector banks. This study is highlighting problems associated with the role of commercial bank in financing Small and Medium Scale Enterprises (SME). The overall objective of the research was to assess the effect of the financing provisions existing for the setting up and operations of MSMEs in the country and to generate recommendations for more robust financing mechanisms for successful operation of the MSMEs, in turn understanding the impact of MSME loans on financial institutions due to NPA. There are many research conducted on the topic of Non- Performing Assets (NPA) Management, concerning particular bank, comparative study of public and private banks etc. In this paper the researcher is considering the aggregate data of selected public sector and private sector banks and attempts to compare the NPA of Housing, Agriculture and MSME loans in state Haryana of public and private sector banks. The tools used in the study are average and Anova test and variance. The findings reveal that NPA is common problem for both public and private sector banks and is associated with all types of loans either that is housing loans, agriculture loans and loans to SMES. NPAs of both public and private sector banks show the increasing trend. In 2010-11 GNPA of public and private sector were at same level it was 2% but after 2010-11 it increased in many fold and at present there is GNPA in some more than 15%. It shows the dark area of Indian banking sector.
EXPERIMENTAL STUDY OF MECHANICAL AND TRIBOLOGICAL RELATION OF NYLON/BaSO4 POL...IAEME Publication
An experiment conducted in this study found that BaSO4 changed Nylon 6's mechanical properties. By changing the weight ratios, BaSO4 was used to make Nylon 6. This Researcher looked into how hard Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites are and how well they wear. Experiments were done based on Taguchi design L9. Nylon-6/BaSO4 composites can be tested for their hardness number using a Rockwell hardness testing apparatus. On Nylon/BaSO4, the wear behavior was measured by a wear monitor, pinon-disc friction by varying reinforcement, sliding speed, and sliding distance, and the microstructure of the crack surfaces was observed by SEM. This study provides significant contributions to ultimate strength by increasing BaSO4 content up to 16% in the composites, and sliding speed contributes 72.45% to the wear rate
ROLE OF SOCIAL ENTREPRENEURSHIP IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT OF INDIA - PROBLEMS AND ...IAEME Publication
The majority of the population in India lives in villages. The village is the back bone of the country. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Developing the rural economy is one of the key indicators towards a country’s success. Whether it be the need to look after the welfare of the farmers or invest in rural infrastructure, Governments have to ensure that rural development isn’t compromised. The economic development of our country largely depends on the progress of rural areas and the standard of living of rural masses. Village or rural industries play an important role in the national economy, particularly in the rural development. Rural entrepreneurship is based on stimulating local entrepreneurial talent and the subsequent growth of indigenous enterprises. It recognizes opportunity in the rural areas and accelerates a unique blend of resources either inside or outside of agriculture. Rural entrepreneurship brings an economic value to the rural sector by creating new methods of production, new markets, new products and generate employment opportunities thereby ensuring continuous rural development. Social Entrepreneurship has the direct and primary objective of serving the society along with the earning profits. So, social entrepreneurship is different from the economic entrepreneurship as its basic objective is not to earn profits but for providing innovative solutions to meet the society needs which are not taken care by majority of the entrepreneurs as they are in the business for profit making as a sole objective. So, the Social Entrepreneurs have the huge growth potential particularly in the developing countries like India where we have huge societal disparities in terms of the financial positions of the population. Still 22 percent of the Indian population is below the poverty line and also there is disparity among the rural & urban population in terms of families living under BPL. 25.7 percent of the rural population & 13.7 percent of the urban population is under BPL which clearly shows the disparity of the poor people in the rural and urban areas. The need to develop social entrepreneurship in agriculture is dictated by a large number of social problems. Such problems include low living standards, unemployment, and social tension. The reasons that led to the emergence of the practice of social entrepreneurship are the above factors. The research problem lays upon disclosing the importance of role of social entrepreneurship in rural development of India. The paper the tendencies of social entrepreneurship in India, to present successful examples of such business for providing recommendations how to improve situation in rural areas in terms of social entrepreneurship development. Indian government has made some steps towards development of social enterprises, social entrepreneurship, and social in- novation, but a lot remains to be improved.
OPTIMAL RECONFIGURATION OF POWER DISTRIBUTION RADIAL NETWORK USING HYBRID MET...IAEME Publication
Distribution system is a critical link between the electric power distributor and the consumers. Most of the distribution networks commonly used by the electric utility is the radial distribution network. However in this type of network, it has technical issues such as enormous power losses which affect the quality of the supply. Nowadays, the introduction of Distributed Generation (DG) units in the system help improve and support the voltage profile of the network as well as the performance of the system components through power loss mitigation. In this study network reconfiguration was done using two meta-heuristic algorithms Particle Swarm Optimization and Gravitational Search Algorithm (PSO-GSA) to enhance power quality and voltage profile in the system when simultaneously applied with the DG units. Backward/Forward Sweep Method was used in the load flow analysis and simulated using the MATLAB program. Five cases were considered in the Reconfiguration based on the contribution of DG units. The proposed method was tested using IEEE 33 bus system. Based on the results, there was a voltage profile improvement in the system from 0.9038 p.u. to 0.9594 p.u.. The integration of DG in the network also reduced power losses from 210.98 kW to 69.3963 kW. Simulated results are drawn to show the performance of each case.
APPLICATION OF FRUGAL APPROACH FOR PRODUCTIVITY IMPROVEMENT - A CASE STUDY OF...IAEME Publication
Manufacturing industries have witnessed an outburst in productivity. For productivity improvement manufacturing industries are taking various initiatives by using lean tools and techniques. However, in different manufacturing industries, frugal approach is applied in product design and services as a tool for improvement. Frugal approach contributed to prove less is more and seems indirectly contributing to improve productivity. Hence, there is need to understand status of frugal approach application in manufacturing industries. All manufacturing industries are trying hard and putting continuous efforts for competitive existence. For productivity improvements, manufacturing industries are coming up with different effective and efficient solutions in manufacturing processes and operations. To overcome current challenges, manufacturing industries have started using frugal approach in product design and services. For this study, methodology adopted with both primary and secondary sources of data. For primary source interview and observation technique is used and for secondary source review has done based on available literatures in website, printed magazines, manual etc. An attempt has made for understanding application of frugal approach with the study of manufacturing industry project. Manufacturing industry selected for this project study is Mahindra and Mahindra Ltd. This paper will help researcher to find the connections between the two concepts productivity improvement and frugal approach. This paper will help to understand significance of frugal approach for productivity improvement in manufacturing industry. This will also help to understand current scenario of frugal approach in manufacturing industry. In manufacturing industries various process are involved to deliver the final product. In the process of converting input in to output through manufacturing process productivity plays very critical role. Hence this study will help to evolve status of frugal approach in productivity improvement programme. The notion of frugal can be viewed as an approach towards productivity improvement in manufacturing industries.
A MULTIPLE – CHANNEL QUEUING MODELS ON FUZZY ENVIRONMENTIAEME Publication
In this paper, we investigated a queuing model of fuzzy environment-based a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) and study its performance under realistic conditions. It applies a nonagonal fuzzy number to analyse the relevant performance of a multiple channel queuing model (M/M/C) ( /FCFS). Based on the sub interval average ranking method for nonagonal fuzzy number, we convert fuzzy number to crisp one. Numerical results reveal that the efficiency of this method. Intuitively, the fuzzy environment adapts well to a multiple channel queuing models (M/M/C) ( /FCFS) are very well.